Predicting Leader Survival in Covert Operations from Congo to Cuba

The life of a ruler is ephemeral. A lucky few exit office through retirement or old age, but most rulers have short tenures, often ended by violent means. The overthrow of rulers by their rivals is a common theme throughout world history, and this strategy remains a popular choice in contemporary warfare. However, despite the frequency of regime change, very little is discussed in international relations about covert regime change and its effects on leader survival. Predicting Leader Survival in Covert Operations from Congo to Cuba explores the unique relationship between covert action and leader survival, specifically discussing how leadership styles and personality traits influence this relationship.